Interpretation In Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken

â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Analysis â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost is a poem many individuals can relate to. Every day we are forced to make choices; we are unaware of the outcome that may result. It’s only natural to ponder on the past and spectate how things could have been if a different choice was made. Often times we complete tasks with a sigh of relief, however other times we may let out a sigh of regret. This poem has a variety of interpretations. The most popular, and the one I agree with, it’s a good thing to take the road less traveled. â€Å"Making all the difference† suggests a positive outcome. There is also the confusion interpretation saying it’s a bad thing to take the road less traveled. â€Å"Making all the difference†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This relates to the way many of us think. When decisions are made for a particular choice, you cannot return to take the other. However, I think we should keep an optimistic view and not live in the past. Live with no regrets because life is too short to be unhappy. In the final stanza the author mentions â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh.† This line does seem to have an unclear meaning. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.† The decision he made was not one many people make and it has changed his life for the better. Not following others can only help you in the end. It shows independence and avoids the burden of â€Å"peer pressure.† It’s a good thing to take the road less traveled. â€Å"Making all the difference† suggests a positive outcome. He let out a sigh of nostalgic relief. Looking back at the previous stanzas you can see how the author struggles to make his decision. He finds it very tempting to make the same decision as the others, yet manages to overcome the peer pressure and create his own path. Making decisions for you can only lead to you having a better quality life. The confusion interpretation suggests it’s a bad thing to take the road less traveled. This claim it suggests the author experienced bad outcome with his decision. The author leaves a very unclear meaning. The final stanza can be interpreted in manyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Robert Frost1443 Words   |  6 Pages Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Frost was considered to be one of America’s leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural New England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that â€Å"he would soon play tennis without a net as write free verseRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1297 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, our personal experiences shape the way we perceive things, which is why one artwork can have multiple different interpretations. Though there may not be any singular correct meaning, having contextual knowledge of a poem certainly helps us understand the thoughts and feelings that inspired the poet at the time. The poem I’ll be unveiling is â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, one of the most well-known poets of the modern literature movement. He lived most of his life in America but movedRead MoreModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Ahlman Charles Vogel English 2520-601 Due Date: November 9th, 2015 Robert Frost: Modern Multiplicity Robert Frost is a multiple poet. –Louis Untermeyer What is customary and, therefore, stereotypical of modern artistic thought is the belief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition:Read MoreRobert Frost and E.E. Cumings Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost and E.E. Cummings Poetry is considered to be a representational text in which one explores ideas by using symbols. Poetry can be interpreted many different ways and is even harder to interpret when the original author has come and gone. Poetry is an incredible form of literature because the way it has the ability to use the reader as part of its own power. In other words, poetry uses the feelings and past experiences of the reader to interpret things differently from one to anotherRead More The Other Road in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pages The Other Road in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his celebrated poem The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost describes the decision one makes when reaching a fork in the road. Some interpret Frost as suggesting regret on the part of the traveler as to not choosing the path he forgoes, for in doing so he has lost something significant. Others believe he is grateful for the selection, as it has made him the man he is. The diverging roads are symbolic of the choices society is facedRead MoreThe Road Not Taken and Neither Out Far Nor in Deep by Robert Frost1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe Road Not Taken and Neither Out Far Nor in Deep by Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost is an American poet who is known for his verse concerning nature and New England life. He was born in San Francisco in 1874. When his father died in 1885, his mother moved the family to Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost attended college sporadically after graduating high school and made a living by working as a bobbin boy in a wool mill, a shoemaker, a country schoolteacher, editor of a rural newspaper, andRead MoreEssay about The Life of Robert Frost1404 Words   |  6 PagesROBERT FROST â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood and I- I took the road less traveled† How did Robert Frost take the road less traveled in his life? Frost was a poet who lived a hard life. With 6 kids and a wife, he had a lot of people to provide for. He was a man who wore many hats, being a dad, husband, poet, and farmer. Robert was an incredibly gifted man who wrote many famous poems. Robert Frost, a great American poet lived a humble life and changed the world with his profound writing abilityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of sele ctive-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreRobert Frost : The Love Of Writing Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages Robert Frost: For The Love of Writing There are and have been many great writers in the current day and throughout history. They all have different accomplishments, and most hold college diplomas. While Robert Frost didn’t receive a diploma from either of the colleges he attended, his success shows that it is not required. So what is it about him that many still consider him to be a great writer? What is it about his poems and writings? Are they only words, or do they hold something more†¦aRead MoreLifes Decisions Explored in The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost985 Words   |  4 Pages Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, when first read on a very simple level appears to be a poem about a man’s decision on whether to take one road or the other. The poem obviously has a much deeper meaning to it. The most apparent metaphor in the poem is one of the two roads representing decisions in one’s life. Everyone goes through decisions in their life, so this metaphor c onnects the reader to the poem more personally. In Robert Frost’s poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Frost successfully

Strategies To Save The Childrens Campaigns Around The World

percentage of out private charity. We also receive generous government funding in affected areas, as well as direct help from local authorities. Our Current Campaigns We are currently involved in 4 major children’s campaigns around the world. -Every Last Child, A worldwide effort to increase child health, education, and safety. -Get Ready. Get Safe., A multi-step effort to increase child safety in moments of crisis. -Syria, A recent campaign to help relieve the child suffering in the ravished country of Syria. -Refugee Children, The one that started it all. Our continued effort to help displaced children. Our Plan The opportunities for growth through online means is already a massive and well-established part of both†¦show more content†¦Incorporating different types of advertising with low costs will be very beneficial. It is crucial that we attract organizations as well as individual people. Doing this will give us a better opportunity to provide for the children. There are several techniques we can use to reach people and organizations. Some of these methods include, pay per click, social media, and e-mail marketing. We want our organization to take advantage of Pay per Click, because it reimburses us for our advertisements. As a nonprofit organization, we do not want to divert from these programs. Our desire to learn about Ad Grants with Google Grant Program, will be magnanimous in the future. Ad Grants is an AdWords program designed for nonprofit organizations. There is a special 25% discount offered to nonprofit organizations that we can most divinity utilize. In addition, this offer will help us qualify for $10,000 a month. The $10,000 will be used in the AdWords and will help us promote our mission to millions of people through Google. The only limitations we must take into consideration is that we cannot exceed $2.00 CPC bid, or use more than $10,000 a month. This should not be an issue. For more information on the grants: http://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2013/12/18/google-grants-adwords-for-nonprofits Another way we can get our mission across millions of people is via Facebook.Show MoreRelatedThe Children s Miracle Network1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Since 1983, Children’s Miracle Network Hospitals has raised more than $5 billion—most of it $1 at a time—for 170 children’s hospitals across the United States and Canada, which, in turn, use the money where it’s needed the most. These donations have gone to support research and training, purchase equipment, and pay for uncompensated care, all to save and improve the lives of as many children as possible, the Children’s Miracle Network mission statement is we increase funds and awareness for localRead MoreSave the Children Campaign, the Analysis2476 Words   |  10 PagesSave the Children Campaign, The Analysis Introduction: The organization that I chose to analysis is the Save the Children Campaign. This organization relies heavily upon ethos and pathos to get support for their cause. This organization uses many means to get their point across to people. This organization uses the emotional appeal to their advantage and mostly they use this technique to get donations and volunteers. The use of credibility strategies has helped the organization also with receivingRead MoreThe Multinational Furniture Corporation Ikea s Soft Toys For Education Campaign Essay1802 Words   |  8 Pagesidea, modern campaign advertising often integrates visual, audio, social and cultural elements while utilising multiple online and offline media platforms. This essay will analyse the multinational furniture corporation IKEA’s ‘Soft Toys for Education’ campaign by delving into its intention behind the scene, the advertising approach and the applied theories. Since 2003, the IKEA Foundation have partnered with Save the Children and UNICEF to work on the Soft Toys for Education campaign. Every NovemberRead MoreInternational Ngos Working in Pakistan1168 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS, Gender equality, Poverty , Injustice. Etc. The Oxfam International Secretariat leads, facilitates, and supports collaboration between the Oxfam affiliates to increase Oxfam Internationals impact on poverty and injustice through advocacy campaigns, development programmes and emergency response. Oxfam was originally founded in Oxford in 1942 as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief by a group of Quakers (which included Marcus Tite), social activists, and Oxford academics; this is now OxfamRead MoreColgate Palmolive Co. Business Strategies1446 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on targeting new markets and the transformation of their business strategies. While taking all six elements(culture, demographics, social, technology, economic and political/legal) of macroenvironmental components that create their external analysis. This report also analyses the competition Colgate-Palmolive faces and the continuous fight they have to put up in order to maintain their dominance as number one in the world for oral hygiene products. Introduction Colgate-Palmolive Co. ColgateRead MoreBurger King: Selling Whoppers in Japan1378 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant strengths is its strong market position. It is the second largest fast food chain in the world, trailing McDonald’s. There are 11,550 stores in 71 different countries. Its geographic diversification is a competitive advantage. Burger King’s slogan, â€Å"HAVE IT YOUR WAY,† and its’ famous â€Å"WHOPPER† brand are very recognized by all consumers. These two campaigns were created in the 70s and have stuck around ever since. Talking some numbers, between 2006 and 2008, the chain’s profitability increasedRead MoreThe Marketing of Products to Children2086 Words   |  9 Pagesmarketing campaigns that sell toys, games and other products centered on the characters and themes of these shows (Palmer, 2008). Strategies of the marketing departments have become increasingly sophisticated in their attempts to appeal children through the use o f extensive market research on the buying habits of children and the expertise of child psychology, often monitoring their preferences on each product (Kunkel, 2002). This paper will argue that the expansion of marketing strategies has becomeRead MoreSave the Children2372 Words   |  10 PagesPosition Paper on Child Survival 1. INTRODUCTION Save the Children is a child focused organisation that delivers immediate and lasting improvements in childrens lives. The organisation is committed to improve the health status of children in India and protect them from exploitation, abuse and ill health. In the current context, Save the Children’s primary focus is on supporting the system in accelerating the progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4 aimed at one-third reduction in childRead MoreSave the Children2386 Words   |  10 PagesPosition Paper on Child Survival 1. INTRODUCTION Save the Children is a child focused organisation that delivers immediate and lasting improvements in childrens lives. The organisation is committed to improve the health status of children in India and protect them from exploitation, abuse and ill health. In the current context, Save the Children’s primary focus is on supporting the system in accelerating the progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4 aimed at one-third reduction in child mortalityRead MoreThe Role Of Globalisation On Emergence, Development And Outcomes Of Social Movements1515 Words   |  7 Pagesprotect human rights. (60 words) Case One of the most serious human rights violations are forced child marriages. Child marriage is defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18. Forced marriages have a strong affect on women s and children’s rights to education, health, equality, and life that is free from violence and exploitation. The basic human rights for freedom, education and health are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child

Operation Management Apple Design Process

Questions: 1.Critically examine and explain how the four design steps adopted by apple is the right way of product design. Support your answer with example wherever necessary? 2. Going by the case, do you think Apple by focusing on a narrow product line, is following a good design strategy. Explain your answer with examples? Answers: 1. The Apple is one of the famous and leading companies in the market because of having unique product and brand for the customers. It is understood that the products of the Apple are different from the competitors products. The company is famous in the field of the innovation and the innovation done by the company was not successful by adopting the design thinking. Design-thinking can be described as the solution oriented process is adopted by the companies to get the innovation by focusing on the consumers at the development stages. In the company Apple, the engineers applied the design process of the products by focusing on some areas of the business. The company focused on the customers and started to work on the design process such as focusing on the needs and desires of the customers, building understanding among the people to live the Apple products, focusing on the design rather than focusing on engineering work, and building simple but user-friendly products for the customer s. The success factor of the Apple depends upon constantly innovations. The company is never satisfied with its innovations and adopting new ideas for the innovation. It is not one day process. The company has to take many decisions before finalizing designs for the product. For the innovative product design process, Apple adopts four ways of techniques in the design process which are described below. Those four techniques adopted by the Apple were revealed during a panel discussion in the SWSW (South-by-Southwest) interactive conference (Interaction Design Foundation, 2017). The four ways are as follows: According to the panel, the detail mockups such as prototypes take very long time in the design and developing process but the long process prevents from the misunderstandings and the mistakes in the process. It is important to understand about the composition of the pixel perfect i.e. perfect padding, perfect margin, perfect font usage, perfect backgrounds and borders and consistent color usage. The long process is beneficial for both the company and the customers. After working several months, the designers created on final design. There were many designs selected by the company but after doing lots of research, designers selected one design. There are fewer companies who discard many designs to find out a perfect design. The meetings were held in every week between the designers and the engineers having free thinking of innovations. In the meetings, the designers developed critique ideas and the strategy to implement those ideas. The meetings encouraged the designers for creative thinking of design. The meetings were famous for developing the pie-in the-sky ideas. Along with this, the design teams conducted regular meetings to identify the loop in the design process. This reduced the disappointment in future. These ways helped the company and the customers in many ways. For example, company doesnt have need to explain to the customers about the products. The iphone7 is the example of perfect pixel mockup product. There are iphone, iPad and MacBook which are developed by Apple according to those four techniques and they are desired products among the customers (Jones, 2010). 2. In case of the product line, the Apple has adopted the strategy of narrow product line in its business. The company always focuses on hardware as well as consumers rather than focusing on the business as compared to its competitors. The product lines of the Apple are much easier to understand for the customers. This can be understood by an example. Example: As compared to its competitors, the Apple has simple and narrow product line. The comparison can be done between Apple and Microsoft. At the homepage of two companies the differences can be seen clearly. In the product list of the Microsoft, there are many products including those about which the customers have never heard of. On the other hand, at the homepage of Apple, the company has seven buttons including the products i.e. MacBook, iPod, iMac etc which are familiar and distinctive. The strategy of the Apple is simple and the company focused on simplicity i.e. get rid of the crappy stuff (Nosowitz, 2010). The narrow product line strategy is the good strategy adopted by the Apple. The Apples product line is narrow as compared to other companies. For instance, if any customer wants to buy and Apple laptop then he can choose MacBook Pro, MacBook air and only MacBook. There are three levels of the laptop and that it. It makes easier for the customers to differentiate between the available models. For example, in the other company like Sony, there are the laptops with the name Sony Vaio VGN-Z550N and Sony Vaio vGN-CS215J/R. on the other hand, Apple uses the words Air and Pro which helps the customers to get idea of machine and they select the product easily with each and every detail. With the narrow product line, the Apple has simplified approach to sell the products by re-energize the company. The narrow product line helped the company in the development of iMac, the iPod and the iPhone. These three products have helped the company to get success by breaking records in the market. The co mpany knows that the customers will get confused and frustrated due to too much choice. In the narrow product line, company is also able to provide best quality of technical support to the customers (Edible Apple, 2009). In terms of product offerings, it is clear that having narrow product line in the business, the company is able to attract more customers. The business approach of the Apple is like a basketball match in which either team uses lots of players or uses star players. So, Apple is successful by limiting the consumer choice. The narrow product line of the Apple is the key factor of the success of the company as the company has kept its product line narrow by helping consumers to understand what they are actually paying for. Because of its unique product line, the iPhone is very popular among the customers. Thus, it is clear that apples narrow product line is following a good design strategy. Reference Edible Apple, (2009), Why a simple product line is integral to Apples success, accessed on 7th March 2017 from https://www.edibleapple.com/2009/02/03/why-a-simple-product-line-is-integral-to-apples-success/ Nosowitz, D., (2010), Microsofts and Apples Product Lines Compared: This Is Why Apple Wins, accessed on 7th March 2017 from https://www.fastcompany.com/1652843/microsofts-and-apples-product-lines-compared-why-apple-wins Jones, B., (2010), Great Design Hurts: Striving for Pixel Perfection, accessed on 7th March 2017 from https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/articles/great-design-hurts-striving-for-pixel-perfection--webdesign-1016 Interaction Design Foundation, (2017), Apples Product Development Process Inside the Worlds Greatest Design Organization, accessed on 7th March 2017 from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/apple-s-product-development-process-inside-the-world-s-greatest-design-organization

Basic Microbiological Techniques free essay sample

Microbiological Techniques Submitted by Ozan Enver Ozdemir 20120707007 Submitted to Nurullah Aydogdu Merve Seven Submission Date and Section 10. 10. 2012-5 1. Aim Aim of this first experiment is producing individual E. Colibakteria colonies with using streaking method . Aim of second experiment is planting with using spreading method and with serial dilution to observe the decreasing number of colonies. 2. Theory Some micro-organisms can be harmful to humans as they cause illness.For this reason, microbiological techniques have been developed to control the unwanted growth and spreading of micro-organisms. We try to learn about micro-organisms and understand that how do micro-organisms grow in human body using microbiological techniques. In this experiment we use some microbiological techniques. First of all is Culturing : A sample (called the inoculum)(E. Colibakteria) is introduced into a culture medium that provides an controlled environment where the micro-organism can multiply.The observable growth that appears in the medium is known as a culturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Microbiological Techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Microbiological media is a medium which inculudes all requirements for growth of microorganisms. there are organic and inorganic compounds. 2 types of medias use in laboratory. Nutrient Broth(liquid, contained in bottle or tubes. ) and other one is Nutrient Agar(solid, actually like jelly, contained in petri dishes. ) We use one of the culture as known Pure Calture ; is culture that contains a single known species or type of micro-organism.This type of culture is most constantly used for the study of micro-organisms in the laboratory. When studying the single type of a micro-organism(pure calture) other micro-organisms must not introduce our culture . Otherwise we will not take certain results(Contaminating). Contaminating micro-organisms may produce substances that can prevent the growth of the studied micro-organism. Streaking is one of the microbiological techniques is used for that increase the chance for producing individual colonies from individual microbial cells which seperated by dragging over the surface of agar. This method is used for that isolate the cells from crowded colonies to reproduce them in controlled environment. There are several types of streaking method. types of streaking method Serial dilution is frequently used in laboratary to lessen number of microorganism per unit of sample before using spreading method . spreading method is useful for planting and isolating individual cells from crowded colonies to obvious observation. 3. Materials and Chemicals Experiment 1 NutrientAgar(solid) Loop Culture of BacteriaAlcohol Burner Parafilm PetriDishes Experiment 2 MicrocetrifugeTube(Eppendorf Tube) 1. 5ml Culture of Bacteria Micropipette Pipette Tips Alcohol Burner Nutrient Broth(liquid) Petri Dishes Parafilm Alcohol GlassRod 4. Produce Experiment 1 The cap of tube contains culture of bacteria was opened . The loop was put into the tube. The cap was closed. The lid of the Petri dish to be streaked at nearly 45-degree angle was lifted. Four areas were determineted on the dish imaginery. The loop was placed into dish. The loop was touched the medium.

Miranda Vs. The State Of Arizona Essays - Evidence Law,

Miranda vs. the State of Arizona Such cases as Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) considered the rights of defendants in criminal cases and initiated a continuing debate on the rights of the individual in relation to the necessary powers of the government. The Miranda decision declared incriminating statements by a prisoner to be inadmissible as evidence when the prisoner had not been warned of his or her rights. In Harris v. New York (1971), however, the Court ruled that such evidence could be used by a prosecutor when a defendant chooses to testify. In Ginsberg v. New York (1968) and several other cases involving publications of an erotic nature, the Court sought to provide a legal definition of obscenity and to determine the role of moral censorship in society. In another 1968 decision the Court upheld the right of the police to stop and search suspect persons for weapons. Until Miranda, few people thought that it violated a suspects constitutional rights for the police to question the alleged without an attorney. In fact, voluntary confessions, or self-incriminating facts, given by defendants were essential to a large percentage of convictions. The effect of Miranda, dried up all voluntary confessions by immediately introducing defense attorneys into police investigation. Here are some facts from before and after Miranda: In Philadelphia, before Miranda, 45 percent of all criminal suspects confessed to police officers, but afterward that figure dropped down to 20 percent. In New York City, the confession rate fell from 49 percent to 15 percent. In Pittsburgh, the confession rate among suspected robbers and murderers fell from 60 percent to 30 percent. Other cities reported similar declines, and researchers estimate that Miranda has reduced the nationwide confession rate by 16 percent. This is confirmed by comparing confessions in the United States with those in countries that use other approaches to regulating police questioning. In the U.S., police obtain confessions in perhaps 40 percent of all cases. However, in the United Kingdom, where advice of rights is limited, confession rates in the 1970s and 1980s were an estimated 61 percent to 85 percent. Even today in the U.S., confessions or other self-incriminating statements are crucial to convictions in about 24 percent of all criminal cases. In my opinion, the Miranda case set forth standards that greatly improved the treatment of the alleged and arrested. It gave them greater utilization of their civil rights, and a chance to prove themselves innocent in a court of law in the presence of an attorney.

Free Essays on Organized Crime

Organized Crime Organized Crime When most people think of the Mafia they think, murderers and gamblers. But in fact the Mafia is more than just a bunch of â€Å"wise guys† sitting around gambling. For years organized crime families have provided for many and brought wealth to their communities. In the early years of America, organized crime helped pave a way for many of the American cities to grow to what they are today. Most of the â€Å"families† provide for more than one hundred people per community. Organized crime has become a world of phenomenon. In Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, the forces of organized crime are at work and no society is spared. From its traditional spheres of activity such as prostitution, the arms trade and trafficking in drugs, organized crime has now added money-laundering, the trade in nuclear technology, and even the transporting of illegal immigrants. Trans-national crime undermines the very foundations of the international democratic order. Trans-national crime affects the business climate, and persuades political leaders. Within societies, the triumphs of international crime is, more often than not, accompanied by a weakening of the law and sometimes even by a return to the law of the jungle. No one knows why crime occurs. The oldest theory is based on ethics and theology. It is that criminals are perverse persons who deliberately commit crimes or who do so at the instigation of the devil or other evil spirits. Criminologist pointed out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offenses. Such conditions lead to feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and then turn to crime for means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the bet ter way of life made possible by crime. Studies by such investigators... Free Essays on Organized Crime Free Essays on Organized Crime When most people think of the Mafia they think, murderers and gamblers. But in fact the Mafia is more than just a bunch of â€Å"wise guys† sitting around gambling. For years organized crime families have provided for many and brought wealth to their communities. In the early years of America, organized crime helped pave a way for many of the American cities to grow to what they are today. Most of the â€Å"families† provide for more than one hundred people per community. Organized crime has become a world of phenomenon. In Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, the forces of organized crime are at work and no society is spared. From it’s traditional spheres of activity such as prostitution, the arms trade and trafficking in drugs, organized crime has now added money-laundering, the trade in nuclear technology, and even the transporting of illegal immigrants. Trans-national crime undermines the very foundations of the international democratic order. Trans-national crime effects the business climate, and persuades political leaders. Within societies, the triumphs of international crime is, more often than not, accompanied by a weakening of the law and sometimes even by a return to the law of the jungle. No one knows why crime occurs. The oldest theory is based on ethics and theology. It is that criminals are perverse persons who deliberately commit crimes or who do so at the instigation of the devil or other evil spirits. Criminologist poi nted out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offenses. Such conditions lead to feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and then turn to crime for means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made possible by crime. Studies by such investigators as the America... Free Essays on Organized Crime Organized Crime Organized Crime When most people think of the Mafia they think, murderers and gamblers. But in fact the Mafia is more than just a bunch of â€Å"wise guys† sitting around gambling. For years organized crime families have provided for many and brought wealth to their communities. In the early years of America, organized crime helped pave a way for many of the American cities to grow to what they are today. Most of the â€Å"families† provide for more than one hundred people per community. Organized crime has become a world of phenomenon. In Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, the forces of organized crime are at work and no society is spared. From its traditional spheres of activity such as prostitution, the arms trade and trafficking in drugs, organized crime has now added money-laundering, the trade in nuclear technology, and even the transporting of illegal immigrants. Trans-national crime undermines the very foundations of the international democratic order. Trans-national crime affects the business climate, and persuades political leaders. Within societies, the triumphs of international crime is, more often than not, accompanied by a weakening of the law and sometimes even by a return to the law of the jungle. No one knows why crime occurs. The oldest theory is based on ethics and theology. It is that criminals are perverse persons who deliberately commit crimes or who do so at the instigation of the devil or other evil spirits. Criminologist pointed out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offenses. Such conditions lead to feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and then turn to crime for means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the bet ter way of life made possible by crime. Studies by such investigators...

Ethical Issues Facing Internet Technology Essay

Ethical Issues Facing Internet Technology - Essay Example The print media have undergone a facelift by adapting website technology and blogging. Human interactions have been redefined by social networking, internet forums and instant messaging. Online shopping is another major boon from the internet technology. However, something with a positive effect will have a negative side too. However, as Williamson, Clow, Walker and Ellis (2011) point out, these technological advancements in information and technology have resulted in negative effects of which raise various ethical questions with regard to the Internet. This paper discusses the ethical issues that surround internet use. An area of concern in modern times includes the bad effects of internet on students and children. According to Salma and Ali (2013), one ethical question that arises because of internet use is whether the Internet is doing more harm or good on children. It is found that girls and boys use internet at the same rate at home. As Newburger (2001) points out, children†™s internet use varies with age. Only 7 percent children of the age 3 to 5 use internet at home; and 25 percent of children of the age group 6 to 11 and 48 percent of children of the age 12 to 17 use internet. Internet has the worst effect on children if it is misused. Children spend more time on the internet thereby evading home works and spending time with family and friends. Michael A. Weinstein, professor of Political Science at Purdue University believes â€Å"Internet will intensify the negative effect television has already had on our social skills† (Weinstein, 1995, as cited in Affonso, 1999). Internet browsing without proper supervision gives children easy access to inappropriate contents like pornography, violence, profanity etc. Pornography has serious effect on child’s mental make up. Pornography is unchecked on the internet as pedophiles can download illegal pictures from anonymous sites and escape law enforcement (Verdik.Org). If one searches the word à ¢â‚¬Å"sex†, one will receive more than 180,102 websites that contain pornographic material (Westfall, 2013). Overuse of internet leads to addiction thereby making the individuals secluded or isolated entities living in a virtual world. Experts say that exposure to inappropriate content at a younger age may lead children to anxiety and ‘behavioral expression disorders’. Another deleterious effect of internet on children is that spending excessive time on it makes the child lose his/her confidence, diet, activity levels leading to health problems like constant head ache and sleep disorders. Unmonitored use of internet can lead children astray by wandering in online chat groups, forums and social networking sites where they are prone to be in contact with people ranging from pedophiles to people with personality disorders. The only remedy for internet addiction is providing unconditional parental love, care, and support so that the kids don’t turn to internet overuse. Another important issue related to ethical issues arising from internet use is cyber crimes. Crimes like online fraud activities associated with internet banking, copyright infringement, espionage and cyber warfare are all on the rise with the advent of internet. Online heist has advanced from identity thefts to much organized ones. The attacks leads to compromising a bank’s database with system level implications. Credit card fraud is usually done through personal information accessed through the Internet (Wall, 2007). Another offence is cyber

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE - Research Paper Example air and just trial which constitute of their rights as individual this helps to reduce the back log of cases in the judicial and criminal courts (Lloyd 2001). Violence against Women Act (VAMA) confirms domestic violence as a National crime and federal laws should be incorporated to help deal with domestic violence with reference to overburden State and criminal justice system. Domestic violence victims usually report the incidence late and the process become difficult as decision is made by the investigating officer who charges the accused based on the evidenced brought forward, this tend to make the issue of urgency be reduced as the evidence are already been tampered with or done away with (Lloyd 2001). The gun control act states a federal crime convicted felon for a domestic violence to own a gun or ammunition this is a good option because the felon could act in the same manner and hurt an innocent partner for sending him or her to jail also the state should continue with the system of felons reporting to a parole officer and attending anger management activities so that the felons can be assimilated back to the community without any fear of domestic violence and abuse (Wallace 1996). The issue of past lover stalking a partner from state to state with intent to cause misery to the partner or physical arm is also well tackled under the VAMA as it states it’s a criminal and federal offence (Chancer 2004). Many lovers have fall victim to this vice as past lover stalk them wherever they go and cause a lot of chaos in their life this bill is effective and keeps all stalkers at bay from their former lovers due to clear and well represented facts judgment can be taken to those who stalk former or current intimate lovers with the intent of harming them, blaming them on fail relationship. The bill of human right which equally represent the accused and the accuser of the domestic violence both have the right to be heard by the justice system which passes judgment

Introduction to Property Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to Property Assignment 2 - Essay Example The inspection process largely depended on the information provided by the real estate agency on its website. The key inspection criteria included general features, type of the property, number of bedrooms, building materials, physical location and building size among other features. Having used the map to trace the property’s physical location, I took its photo and used for further inspection. This property was first found by research from the internet on the list of properties that have been sold in Melbourne recently. A lot of information regarding this property was found in several sites including those owned by real estate agents. The process of inspection involved checking of the basement, heating system, air-conditioning, plumbing, roof and electrical system among other aspects of the property. Other important issues that I assessed included maintenance and fire and safety aspects. For additional examination, I used the location map to visit the property and took a photo. This photo was used to examine the physical features of the property. Through the inspection I found that the house was sold on 10th January 2013 for $298, 500. This property was initially found on the websites of realestate.com.au, whereby the preliminary examination was done. At this state, features such as the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, indoor features, wardrobe features, courtyard, fencing, and evaporative cooling were inspected. Also, the address and the location map were obtained from the website. Next, additional information regarding the factors that could have influenced pricing and salability of the property was obtained from a local agent, and augmented with internet research on factors that influence similar transactions. I finally visited the property’s physical location, took a photo and a used it for further

Issues That Are Facing The Maldives Environmental Sciences Essay

Issues That Are Facing The Maldives Environmental Sciences Essay 36. String of Pearls Scattered Over the Deep Blue Indian Ocean . The first glimpse you get of this fascinating atoll formation confirms two unique aspects of the Republic of Maldives. Not only does it consist of the most beautiful tropical islands, but 99% of its 909,000 km is covered by the sea. 1190 islands are spread over 26 atolls, ring like coral formations enclosing a lagoon, which gives the Maldives its unique paradise like appearance. They stretch about 820 km from North to South, 130 km at the widest point and do not exceed a length of 4.5 miles or an altitude of 6 feet above sea level. No more than 200 islands are inhabited, the rest include 87 tourist resorts and uninhabited islands, some of which are used for drying fish or other agricultural activities. The capital Male, the seat of government and the centre of trade, commerce, business, health and education, is located in the middle of the atoll chain, a small island buzzing with the sounds and activities of about 75,00 0 people which is about one third of the population. 37. Atoll Formation. The atolls of the Maldives are formed from coral structures, separated by lagoons. The atolls are in fact part of a greater structure known as the Lacadives-Chargos Ridge, which stretches over 2000 km. The islands are low lying with the highest point at approximately 8 feet above sea level. Faru or ring-shaped reef structures form the atolls and these reefs provide natural defense against wind and wave action, on these delicate islands.1 38. The Geographical Structure of Maldives. Maldives geography based upon a group of 26 coral islands which are formed by approximately 1190 coral reef islands, and there are 20 administrative atolls along with Male which is the capital island of them all. It is a neighbour of Sri Lanka and is situated southwest of it. The view of Maldives from the air is splendid because of the beautiful patterns it makes in the clear blue sea. Maldives has numerous islands among which only 200 of them have people living there. The north-south stretch of this country is approximately 824 km and from east to west it is about 129 km. Maldives is more blue water than the land because more than 99% of it is sea. 39. There have been many devastating encounter of gale storms in the year 1812 and 1955, and the scientists have also said that the islands of Maldives are in danger due to the rise in the sea level caused by global warming. To safeguard the country from such natural calamities, the government has build up artificial breakwaters and other safety measures with the help of Japan, and has started purchasing land in India, in the event of excessive population displacement.2 Present Environmental Issues. 40. Introduction. Maldives is actively involved in bringing environmental issues to the forefront of the global political agenda, the role played by Maldives in the international arena. The environment of Maldives comprises a delicate and complex series of ecosystems that are unique to the tropical world and many have found it a pleasure of gaze upon. The Maldives has rich biodiversity and the coral reef ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems with linkages ranging from microscopic plankton to the giant sperm whale. However, the rapid socio-economic development and fast growing population have greatly contributed to the degradation of the environment. 41. Beach Erosion. Beach erosion is a very widespread problem. Either due to natural causes or man made changes, such as construction of coastal infrastructure; changes in the natural sediment balance; and up drift impoundment of sand behind coastal structures built without pre-filling. The process of coastal erosion and accretion is extremely complex with interrelations to climatic, geological, oceanographic, biological and terrestrial processes affecting the growth and stability of the reefs and island structures. As the beach systems are highly dynamic in nature, the prevailing seasonal conditions may gradually shift the shape as well as the position of the island by strong beach erosion and accretion on either side of the island. 42. Coral Mining. Over a six year period the volumes of coral landed in Male rose from 7,000 to 400,000 cubic feet. Brown Dunne 1988 carried out biological surveys on mined reefs and evaluated the impacts of coral mining in the Maldives. 43. Dredging. Dredging is normally associated with harbor deepening, land reclamation, and mining for construction material. 44. Land Reclamation. Reclamation which in the Maldives usually means the creation of new land. Such activities occur on both large and small scales and are usually associated with human population centres and as a byproduct of harbor dredging. 45. Population Growth. The annual population growth rate between 1977 and 1985 was 3.2% per annum. Between 1985 and 1990 was 3.4% from 1990 and 1995 has dropped to 2.75% per annum. At present 25.7% (62,793) of the population live in Male.3 46. Biodiversity. Biological diversity; the relative number of species, diverse in from and function, at the genetic, organism, community, and ecosystem level; loss of biodiversity reduces an ecosystems ability to recover from natural or man-induced disruption. 47. Deforestation. The destruction of vast areas of forest (eg., unsustainable forestry practices, agricultural and range land clearing, and the over exploitation of wood products for use as fuel) without planting new growth. 48. Greenhouse Gas. A gas that traps infrared radiation in the lower atmosphere causing surface warming; water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydro fluorocarbons, and ozone are the primary greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere. 49. Groundwater. Water sources found below the surface of the earth often in naturally occurring reservoirs in permeable rock strata; the source for wells and natural springs. 50. Pollution. The contamination of healthy environment by man-made waste. 51. Salination. The process through which fresh (drinkable) water becomes salt (undrinkable) water; hence, desalination is the reverse process; also involves the accumulation of salts in topsoil caused by evaporation of excessive irrigation water, a process that can eventually render soil incapable of supporting crops. 52. Soil Degradation. Damage to the lands productive capacity because of poor agricultural practices such as the excessive use of pesticides of fertilizers, soil compaction from heavy equipment, or erosion of topsoil, eventually resulting in reduced ability to produce agricultural products. 53. Soil Erosion. The removal of soil by the action of water or wind, compounded by poor agricultural practices, deforestation, overgrazing and desertification.4 Environment Assessment. 54. Background. The environment is characterized by numerous fringing coral reefs and lagoons, which contain rich biodiversity. The atolls vary significantly in shape and size. The 26 geographical atolls are grouped into 20 administrative regions, also referred to as atolls. The Maldives coral reefs are globally significant being the 7th largest in world and covering an area of 8920 km. Protecting the environment and natural resources is critical to sustainable livelihoods and the Maldives economy. Fishing directly employs and 11% of the work force, while 20% of the population is dependent on fisheries for the majority of its income. High quality eco-friendly tourism inn the Maldives accounts for around 33% of GDP and is based on the Maldives natural assets including unique geography and coral reefs. 55. Climate Change and Coral Reefs. Coral reefs play a key role in the lifestyles of Maldivians through natural protection of the islands and serve as a major resource for the Maldives economy from tourism and fishing industries. 56. Waste Management. Solid and hazardous waste management is recognized as a critical environmental issues. There are no provisions for collection, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. 57. Freshwater Availability and Quality. Rainwater harvesting is the primary source of drinking water. Groundwater accumulates in rainwater recharged aquifers which lie at a depth of 1-1.5 meters below the surface where they are highly vulnerable to:- Contamination from inadequate sanitation facilities and other human activities. Solid waste run-off. Over exploitation. Saline intrusion through soil erosion and flooding (storms, tsunami etc). 58. Biodiversity Loss. The main threats to biological diversity in the Maldives are habitat destruction and overexploitation. Habitat destruction arises from coastal development activities such as harbour development and land reclamation. Run-off from pesticides and fertilizers used in agricultural activities is becoming an increasing problem and threatens the eutrophication of coral reefs. 59. Air Pollution. Ambient air quality is currently not monitored in Male and the available indicators of air pollution include:- An increase in vehicle numbers. The rising quantity of imported fuel. A positive trend in recorded respiratory disease. The number of buildings constructed over the years. Impacts of Sea Level Rise in Male. 60. As sea level rises, the thickness of the freshwater lens decreases, and the volume of freshwater decreases. Also sea level rise would increase the likelihood of storm over wash of the islands, causing increased incidence of saltwater contamination of the freshwater lenses. 61. Tourism industry relying heavily on the marine ecosystems is also under threat from the impacts of climate change. 62. The islands of Maldives are reef-based and coral reefs serve as natural breakwaters. With damage to the coral reefs comes the bigger danger of loosing the natural protection of the islands from the waves and currents. 63. Fishery is also expected to suffer from the impacts of climate change. 64. There is also an urgent need for the development of resources to adapt to possible impacts of climate change. Major Policy Responses and Initiatives. 65. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, the Maldives has started pilot projects on alternate sources of energy: Solar power has been used to power telecommunication sets, navigational aids and government office buildings and mosques in the islands. The main constraint to the widespread use of solar energy is the lack of technical backup and high installation costs. While wind is a regular feature of the Maldives, existing wind speeds are considered marginal for electricity generation, unless high towers are erected at high capital costs. Supplementing conventional energy supply by alternate energy sources, wherever viable, has been included in the energy sector objective and strategy in the National Development Plan. 66. Various programs have been designed and implemented in areas such as coastal protection, freshwater management and coral reef protection. 67. A United Nations Environment Program mission visited the Maldives and recommended training of local personnel to monitor and evaluate impacts of expected environmental changes and the development of strategies that would permit sustainable development. 68. Maldives is a party to the UNFCCC. The Maldives signed he Convention on 12th Jun 1992 and ratified the same on 9th November 1992. The Maldives played a very important role with AOSIS in the negotiation process that started in Berlin and culminated in Kyoto. The Maldives, though disappointed with the low targets agreed for in the Kyoto Protocol, looks for early implementation of the Protocol. The Maldives was the first country to sign the Kyoto Protocol on 30th December 1998. The first National Communication of the Maldives to UNFCCC was submitted at the 7th Session of the Conference of the Parties to UNFCCC held in Marrakesh in 2001. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, National Mitigation Plan, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options are included in the national communication of Maldives.6 69. President Nasheed had said that the climate change has reached a critical phase and would soon become not just an environmental threat but a security concern too. The UN inter governmental panel on climate change said that within the next century, the sea level will go up by 59 CMS and this would merge most of the islands of Maldives.7 1. http://www.maldiveisles.com 2. http://www.maldiveisle.com. 3. http://www.fao.org 4. http://www.maldivesvacationpackages.net. 5. http://www.fao.org. 6. http://www.indexmundi.com. 7. http://www.adb.org.

Consumer Culture and Identity Essay -- Cultural Identity Essays

Introduction Fonseca (2008) defines Consumer culture as a process that â€Å"represents a condition in which consumption is seen as having the role of increasingly mediating certain aspects of social relations and consumption has the symbolic ability to represent affiliation to a certain group and its lifestyles, as well as to generate a sense of identity.† The mention of identity in Fonseca’s definition brings about an understanding of the impact consumer culture can have on social agents, and not just on the economic or capitalism that comes with consumption. This essay will discuss the relationship between Consumer culture and Identity. The essay is divided into five parts; the first section is an introduction into what Consumer culture is, the second section is also an introduction into what Identity is and how it is used in the context of the essay, the third section deals with the crisis of identity in modern day, the fourth section introduces consumption in a contemporary society, the fifth section explains the impact consumption have on identity (how we reflect on ourselves and use goods to shape our identity). This essay concludes by using Giddens (1991) argument about the modern dynamic reflectivity has an impact in the process of reconstructing ones identity when it comes in contact with the post traditional setting, to show that the relation between consumer culture and identity is that Identity is formed as consumption takes place. Introduction to Consumer Culture The word â€Å"culture† has been defined as â€Å"one of the two or three most complicated words in English Language† (William; 1958). Over the years the meaning of the word has changed and varied in different parts of the world. In 1881, Taylor defined culture a... ...society: Myths and structures (Vol. 53). Sage. Beck, U., & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (1995). The normal chaos of love. Cambridge: Polity Press. Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Davis, J. (2007). The Promise of Potential. Minnesota: JD Coaching and Consulting. Dittmar, H. 1992. The Social Psychology of Material Possessions: To Have Is To Be, Hertfordshire, Harvester Wheatsheaf. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: self and identity in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity. Lury, C. 1996. Consumer Culture, Cambridge, Polity Press. Sassatelli, R. (2007). Consumer culture: History, theory and politics. Sage. Slater, D. (1997). Consumer culture and modernity. Blackwell Publishing: Malden Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic interactionism: A social structural version. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings.

A History of the American People

This plan that has been created to increase the level of history education in the United States sounds good. Both books that have been picked out for discussion are excellent choices that describe the history of the United States. In a reading group type of environment, there can many factors that interest the readers. It can all come down to the font of the text or something as simple as the front cover. Based on what the books have to offer though, my recommendation takes into account both parties, the readers and the teachers (being the NCHE). The teacher’s side of the party would want to offer text the accurately describes the history of the United States without leaving important facts that have changed the way the United States has formed. The readers would prefer a book with text that draws their attention and keeps it throughout the whole book’s length. I will go into detail about each book that has been chosen and describe what the main point of the context is. I will first begin with Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People. Johnson begins talking about history in the Preface. Johnson explains how he grew up learning Greek, Roman, and English history. Johnson was never taught about American history while receiving an education, whether it was his family teaching him or Oxford, American history never came up. He began to learn the History of the United States after Oxford. He first began to learn of the history of the United States though his research for his books. He wrote: A History of Christianity, A History of the Jews, Modern Times: the World from the Twenties to the Nineties, and The Birth of the Modern: World Society, 1815-1830. Johnson covers over 400 years of history in his book. He writes in a manner where he aims to make his writing readable, and wants to present the facts fully. Johnson states in the preface that â€Å"Such a fact-filled and lengthy volume as this is bound to contain errors. If readers spot any, I would be grateful if they would write to me at my private address: 29 Newton Road, London W25JR: so that they may be corrected; and if they find any expressions of mine or opinions insupportable, they are welcome to give me their comments so that I may weigh them. † This shows how Johnson is involved in what he writes and is open to change which is what makes a writer. Johnson begins his book stating that â€Å"The creation of the United States is the greatest of all human adventures. No other national story holds such tremendous lessons, for the American people themselves and for the rest of mankind. † This statement is coming from a man who first learned the history of the Greeks, Romans, and the English and then the United States history. This is a bold statement to make as the beginning of the book. It can either continue to attract the audience of the book or push them way because it makes it sound as if the entire book will contain pride in the United States and seem bias. The book is based on three questions that he asks in the first page â€Å"First, can a nation rise above the injustices of its origins and, by its moral purpose and performance, atone alone for them†¦ The second question provides the key to the first. In the process of nation-building, can ideals and altruism-the desire to build the perfect community- be mixed successfully with acquisitiveness and ambition, without which no dynamic society can be built at all?†¦ Thirdly, the Americans originally aimed to build an other-worldly ‘City on a Hill,† but themselves designing a republic of the people, to be a model for the entire planet. Have they made good their audacious claims? Have they indeed proved exemplars for humanity? And will they continue to be so in the new millennium? † Johnson relates the book to those three questions throughout the book and relates his facts with them. Johnsons ends the book having answered the three questions that he presented in the beginning. â€Å"It is appropriate to end this history of the American people on a note of success, because the story of America is essentially one of difficulties being overcome by intelligence and skill, by faith and strength of purpose, by courage and persistence. Johnson finds the Americans are â€Å"problem-solving people† which he argues is shown throughout the history of the United States. Johnson ends the book highly supporting Americans and shows his support. There are many supporters of Paul Johnson’s book. â€Å"Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People is as majestic in its scope as the country it celebrates . His theme is the men and women, prominent and unknown, whose energy, vision, courage and confidence shaped a great nation. It is a compelling antidote to those who regard the future with pessimism. – Henry A. Kissinger. The New York Times Book Review positively reviewed the book, â€Å"Arresting contentions and pieces of fascination oddball information†¦. The book also offers a rare opportunity to witness someone trying to make sense of all 400 years of American history and to discover what ‘tremendous lessons’ it holds for all Americans and ‘the rest of mankind. ’† I understand why Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People made it as a finalist to be taught to the group of Americans in order to increase of knowledge of United States history. The book was even â€Å"dedicated to the people of America— strong, outspoken, intense in their convictions, sometimes wrong-headed but always generous and brave, with a passion for justice no nation has ever matched. Now to explain Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States. This book begins with attracting the audience with the cover. The color chosen for the letters on the cover include blue and red and white which in the present time represent the United States. The title of Howard Zinn’s book includes three keywords, People, History and United States. The three keywords are the central topic of what Howard Zinn talks about in A People’s History of the United States. Unlike Johnson, Howard Zinn jumps straight into facts about the beginning of the history of the United States. Johnson started with his main point in the first page but Howard Zinn begins with the history of Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress. Howards Zinn’s main point is found on the title which allows him to begin with the history of the United States versus beginning with a opening statement like Paul Johnson did. What Howard Zinn does differently than Paul Johnson is his method of summary. Paul Johnson seems to become more involved in his summaries gives more detail and a certain subject matter and overlooking other events. Howard Zinn writes a short summary on his events and talks a little about everything. Howard Zinn gives the history of the United States without sympathizing for those who were negatively affected and does not set out the real loser and winner. † My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, not anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims. † Howard Zinn will does not want make it sound as if a certain group won in the past and will not explain the failures which is what historians now call history. Howard Zinn explains this to his readers before continuing on with the book. He warns the readers of his style of writing and explains that he will not manipulate facts to seem other then they should be. Howard Zinn writes towards the ending of the book on the title. â€Å"As for the subtitle of this book, it is not quite accurate; a â€Å"people’s history† promises more than any one person can fulfill, and it is the most difficult kind of history to recapture. I call it that anyway because, with all limitations, it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people’s movements of resistance.

101 Intro to Literacy Narrative Professor Ramos Blog

101 Intro to Literacy Narrative Intro to Literacy Narrative Quick Write What is literacy? The ability to read and write. Competence or knowledge in a specified area. The second definition is the one we will be focusing on in this class. What is something that you have had to learn recently? How did you begin to learn it? Did someone help you? Intro to Literacy Narrative A Literacy Narrative tells a story about something you have learned. Write a literacy narrative of your own, perhaps recalling how you learned to read or write. The focus of this paper is on the  learning. How did you learn? How did your sponsor help you to learn? How does learning this literacy relate to learning other literacies? Remember that there are many kinds of literacy. The narrative you compose may be about your encounters with paintings, films, music, fashion, architecture, or video games. Or it may explore any intellectual passion you have. From Graphic Design, to Mathematics, to a Foreign Language. Requirements 1,000+ words Tells a story about a literacy or a sponsor of literacy MLA Format 1+ relevant Image(s) Appropriate Structure Rough Draft Revised Draft Final Draft posted on class blog Here is a sample literacy narrative from a previous class  that you can use as a model as well.  The BFG and A Little Me. If you want to read more about literacy narratives, here are two great sources to check out. College Writing Tips: Write a Good Literacy Narrative Writing a Literacy Narrative Literacies Let’s come up with a big list of literacies that we can write about. Take two minutes and write down two or three literacies you have learned. Share with a partner. Read/Write Drive a car ? Literacy Sponsors A literacy sponsor is someone or something that helps you or hurts you when learning a literacy. Who are some possible sponsors? Teachers/Professors Parents ? Four Defining Traits of a Game Goal. The outcome that the players will work to achieve. It focuses attention and gives you a sense of purpose. Rules. Limitations on how to achieve the goal. It will unleash creativity and foster strategic thinking. Feedback System. Tells players how close they are to achieving their goal. Provides motivation to keep playing. Voluntary Participation. Requires that you knowingly accept the goal, rules, and the feedback. You have the freedom to enter and leave the game at will. With these four ideas in mind, how can we apply this to college? 101 Intro to Literacy Narrative Intro to Literacy Narrative Quick Write What is literacy? The ability to read and write. Competence or knowledge in a specified area. The second definition is the one we will be focusing on in this class. What is something that you have had to learn recently? How did you begin to learn it? Did someone help you? Intro to Literacy Narrative A Literacy Narrative tells a story about something you have learned. Write a literacy narrative of your own, perhaps recalling how you learned to read or write. The focus of this paper is on the  learning. How did you learn? How did your sponsor help you to learn? How does learning this literacy relate to learning other literacies? Remember that there are many kinds of literacy. The narrative you compose may be about your encounters with paintings, films, music, fashion, architecture, or video games. Or it may explore any intellectual passion you have. From Graphic Design, to Mathematics, to a Foreign Language. Requirements 1,000+ words Tells a story about a literacy or a sponsor of literacy MLA Format 1+ relevant Image(s) Appropriate Structure Rough Draft Revised Draft Final Draft posted on class blog Here is a sample literacy narrative from a previous class  that you can use as a model as well.  The BFG and A Little Me. If you want to read more about literacy narratives, here are two great sources to check out. College Writing Tips: Write a Good Literacy Narrative Writing a Literacy Narrative Literacies Let’s come up with a big list of literacies that we can write about. Take two minutes and write down two or three literacies you have learned. Share with a partner. Read/Write Drive a car ? Annotate Your Texts How to Annotate To summarize how you will annotate text: 1. Identify the BIG IDEA 2. Underline topic sentences or main ideas 3. Connect ideas with arrows 4. Ask questions 5. Add personal notes 6. Define technical words â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† The writing process is a very important concept that you need to learn. This will move you from writing ok papers to good papers. The first draft is the down draft. The second draft is the up draft. The third draft is the dental draft. Anne Lamott, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† Take a couple minutes and read the short article. Annotate the text. Four Defining Traits of a Game Goal. The outcome that the players will work to achieve. It focuses attention and gives you a sense of purpose. Rules. Limitations on how to achieve the goal. It will unleash creativity and foster strategic thinking. Feedback System. Tells players how close they are to achieving their goal. Provides motivation to keep playing. Voluntary Participation. Requires that you knowingly accept the goal, rules, and the feedback. You have the freedom to enter and leave the game at will. With these four ideas in mind, how can we apply this to college?

How to Write What Is Truth Philosophy Essay

How to Write What Is Truth Philosophy Essay What Is Truth? General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ Tips on how to start writing How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision What is Truth? (Philosophy essay sample) General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ To write a perfect essay, begin with a clear statement of the given inquiry (in this case, on ‘What Is Truth?). The inquiry should be stated. However, it is wise to give a reasonable statement in the first and second paragraph on how you intend on addressing the question and which approach of the question you intend to take. Secondly, state your position and defend your answer. Defend it with reason, arguments, and relevant information. Lastly, identify and formulate the strongest potential objection(s) showing its strength to refute your position. Tips on how to start writing Start by outlining how you want to argue. Your philosophy essay should demonstrate a logical progression of ideas making it easy for the reader to follow. Once your outline is determined, select specific words that will transmit your intentions to the reader. Substantiate your claims whenever you think your critics will not grant them. And when paraphrasing or quoting, always give credit. Indicate your indebtedness for general ideas, specific lines of argument and particular words. How to write an outline It can be challenging to start a paper with an outline primarily. Nonetheless, once one has written a draft, it is relatively easy to go back and outline it. An overview gives the writer a sketch of the paper and aids in work organization. Below is how the outline can be organized. I. Introduction (Include the problem statement and approachesb to be taken) II. Arguments/Reasons Argument/Reason 1 Support your point Argument/Reason 2 Support your point Argument/Reason 3 Support your point III. Strongest challenge(s) to your position IV. Arguments/Reasons showing why the strongest challenge does not make your reason incorrect V. Conclusion How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ The sentence or short paragraph that stresses your stance on a particular issue, particularly, the position you will argue for in your paper is the thesis statement. To write a thesis statement, one needs to determine their position. This is done by thoroughly reviewing relevant course materials, evaluating and analyzing arguments on both sides and ultimately developing your take on the issue. It is exigent that you describe your thesis before you continue writing. This is because your thesis guides you throughout the entire writing process- everything you write should somehow contribute to its defense. How to write an introduction The introductory paragraph is the most important paragraph in your essay. It ought to be fifty words long or five sentences minimum. An introductory paragraph is written by first introducing the topic. Second, grab the reader’s attention (a hook). And third, have a solid thesis statement which holds three points you will discuss. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis When writing an introduction, you need to: Say something unusual Do not repeat the title Ensure the introduction is brief Cite thoroughly but not excessively Refer to a problem or concern your reader might have How to write body paragraphs Naturally, body paragraphs develop the paper’s main idea in a series of paragraphs. To write a body paragraph, the writer’s chosen topic must be explained, described and argued. All main ideas written down in the outline make the body paragraph. Bear in mind; body paragraphs support, prove, and explain your paper’s thesis statement or argumentative claim. Tips on body writing Create an outline (to organize your ideas and maintain your focus on the central topic) Organize your paper so that each paragraph groups together similar ideas and doesn’t mix unrelated topics Conduct research Remember keywords Explain your argument’s significance How to finish a philosophy essay on ‘What is Truth’ One concludes an essay by summarizing their argument and restating their thesis. In the conclusion section, make an effort in convincing the reader that the thesis is established and a cogent argument is offered in its defense. Alternatively put, one finishes a paper by restating the main idea along with the thesis statement, summarizing the essay’s sub-points, and leaving the reader with an interesting final impression. Tips on conclusion writing To conclude your essay correctly, follow the tips below. Summarize the essay’s key points Ask an exasperating question Utilize quotations Call for some action Conclude with a caution Generalize (contrast with different circumstances) Suggest consequences or results Tips on revision Examine your essay’s balance Check your paper’s organization Check your facts (are they all accurate) Check your conclusion (does your conclusion tie the paper together) Utilize spell-check to correct errors What is Truth? (Philosophy Essay Sample) I. Introduction ‘Truth’ has many meanings, yet the most widely recognized definitions allude to a position of being in observance of reality or facts. There exist different paradigms, rules and criteria by which individuals’ critic the truth a statement professes to affirm. The issue is how individuals can be guaranteed that they are in observance of realities or facts when every human mind manipulates, falsifies and perceives what it chooses to interpret see, or hear. Possibly an enhanced description of truth can be an accord of a conclusion by numerous people regarding the realities and facts in question. II. Discussion Truth is unique to an individual. For me, feeling hungry is more truthful than 10+10=20. No truth can objectively be confirmed – factual or otherwise – plus the yardsticks by which humans classify truths are consistently subjective and relative. What people deem as true, whether in art, morality, or science, varies with the existing intellectual current, and is consequently established by social, technological, and cultural yardsticks of that given epoch. Ultimately, humankind is both unique and fallible, and whatever information we uncover, factual or not is revealed by humanity’s’, finite, predetermined mind. The nearest truth is one where we have reached consent because of our social conditioning and related educations. For this reason, truths frequently don’t exchange among cultures. This idea is closely linked to ‘conceptual relativism’ – a far-reaching progression of Kant’s knowledge which asserts while studying a language we discover new ways regarding worldly interpretation, and hence, speaking another language inhabits a separate prejudiced world. I believe our characterization of truth should be increasingly versatile than Descartes, Plato or other philosophers. To me, the pragmatic theory of truth hits home. It affirms that truth is whatever is fitting; if another new idea is more fitting, it becomes truer. This theory is one Nietzsche almost accepted. There being no objective truth frees us to create our truths. In citation to Sartre’s existentialism, individuals aren’t confined by objectivity; instead, the absences of immutable, unending, truths enable us to formulate ‘truth’ for ourselves. I believe ‘Truth’ is personal. Your truth and my truth share no basic pertinence to each other. Since truth is personal and cognitive, it does play a more decisive and unique position in giving life significance; I am liberated to select my truths, and thus, I frame my life. Without cognitive truth, self-determination is non-existent. III. Conclusion So, to the apparent comprehension that the phrase â€Å"truth† is hugely ambiguous, great care should be taken to eliminate ambiguity in arguments concerning truth.

Studying Broadcast Media. What Is The Difference Between Game Shows Essay

Studying Broadcast Media. What Is The Difference Between Game Shows Like Deal Or No Deal And The Weakest Link - Essay Example At present, distinction among two genres is getting blurred as reality television shows are mingled with these forms, thus presenting to the audience a game show experience with all elements of emotional appeal associated with reality TV (Holmes, 2006, p.53). 1990s have experienced a shift from the conventional adoption of US based television programmes in the UK broadcast media. After success of Who wants to be a Millionaire? (ITV, 1998-) British television paved the way for new innovative programmes in quiz genre especially The Weakest Link (2000 - ) as well as Deal or No Deal (Channel 4, 2005-). Both these shows being originally produced in UK helped TV industry to generate massive revenues by exporting the concept abroad. Game shows and quiz programmes have the inclination towards intermingling two slightly different genres in a single show e.g.in Deal or No Deal the emphasis is laid on the relation between the participants all integrated against a single banker making the format of the show half like a lottery game and half like a reality TV(Holmes,2006). The Weakest Link was produced by BBC. The emergence of this programme changed the quiz show genre in terms of game structure as tone of compeer was totally opposite to the traditional format, being more â€Å"nasty† (Holmes, 2008, p.109). ... The programme has been able to attract audience as questions motivate people to think that they also might be able to answer them. The concept of chain links is well anticipated but ramped values could be more influential is value gap is increased between two consecutive links. The ultra serious outlook of Anne Robinson adds interesting element to an otherwise predictable show format(UK Game Shows, 2010). Deal or No Deal format can either make contests millionaires or they have to leave empty handed thus all depend on the risk choices they make during playtime. The show had its origin by the Dutch production center named Endemol with first telecast in Netherlands in the year 2002. The show is broadcasted by Cheetah Television West, previously renowned as Endemol West of Channel 4. First programme was aired on October 31, 2005 and the show is in progress till date . The format of Deal or No Deal was then reproduced in almost forty countries encompassing United States (Holmes, 2008, p. 27). British television media exported format of The Weakest Link to Western Europe, New Zealand and Australia (Waisbord, 2004, p.361). Deal or no Deal gained international fame in 2006, improving public interest in game shows but still it did not threaten the popularity of knowledge based games (Holmes, 2008, p.55). In a broad sense both these programmes belong to the reality television. This genre make use of unscripted drama created on screen, in spite of professional actors, ordinary people participate in a contest situation where some monetary rewards are in store for the winner. Common programming formats include game and quiz shows (Hill, 2005, p.41). There exists a clear

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International financial management - Essay Example Forward contracts can be traded on recognized markets, whilst futures contracts can not Ans-9) (a). Enter into a 90-day forward contract to sell US Dollars for Euros Ans-10) (e). Insufficient data given to enable the calculation to be made Section B Q1 a) The political risk refers to the scenario where the economic yield would be influenced and undergoes due to the uncertain changes in political environment that cause volatility in the state (MCKELLAR, Robert, 2012, pp. 36). Any uncertain circumstances directly impact the investment returns that could be ranging from switching the governments, change in regulation bodies, amendments in foreign policy or military state of affairs (OVERHOLT, William H., 1982, pp.74 ). It is a common consensus that political risk cannot be measured but it can be assessed. This particular statement is quite right as political risk cannot be measured, because there is no method or tool available from which one can assess the level and proportion of risk f ound under political uncertainty (BRINK, Charlotte H, 2004,pp. 152). Political uncertainty has a definite has a definite effect over the long and short term strategy of the companies as a whole and this particular component is quite essential for the companies as far as generating net income is concerned (HOWELL, Llewellyn D., 2002, pp. 84). Number of time, it has been assessed that political problem is like to initiate soon but there is no tool which could be used in the assessment of the same. If we talk about United States of America (USA), then it is found that the internal politics of the company is quite safe and the proportion of any sort of political risk is quite minimal, while the external threats are quite high like the War on Terror (WOT) and the terrorist attack like 9/11 (THEODORE HARVEY MORAN, Gerald Thomas West, 2005, pp. 142). Analysts, even the individuals assessed this particular problem in total, but this particular problem cannot be measured quantifiably because of unavailability of any sophisticated method and tool of the same (HARMS, Philipp, 2000, pp. 186). b) Political risk can also be referred as â€Å"geopolitical risk† a factor, because of the longer the time span of the investment. On account of the inadequate sample size or case study in order to confer the political risks of the individual countries is disreputably difficult to enumerate (HANS SIEGWART, Ivo G. Caytas, Julian I. Mahari, 1989, pp. 69). Hardly any of the political risk could be indemnified alongside by means of international institutions or other government agencies. As a result of political risks may directly have an effect on return on investment, and also restricted to eliminate the withdrawal of funds from investment capacity (O'LEARY, Michael Kent, 2004, pp. 37). Alternatively to this, there are many anti political risk strategies which are being considered to minimize the explicit threats and by implementing these strategies will cause greatly to meet t he expectation and demands of overseas projects, find management and different contracts (WAGNER, Daniel, 1999, pp. 102). There are number of forms of political risk that could affect over the productivity of a company

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Term Paper Example poor moral ethics and this is further evidence in the fact that they had initially denied knowledge of the action which clearly means they were ashamed them. This paper will endeavor to analyses and critique the Shi Tao vs. Yahoo case study by applying several moral frameworks through which the ethicalness of Yahoos actions will be critiqued. These frameworks are; the Utilitarian, the publicity and Principle of Human Dignity and Infinite Worth with the intention of proving that yahoo acted in an unethical way and betrayed its users by compromising Tao’s safety for the sake of sustaining their business interest in China. Shi Tao, a journalist with China’s Business time news had posted information on how the government had intended to curtail the celebration of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Protest by ordering journalists and media houses not to address the matter. He posted the information on an online forum based in New York, consequently the Chines State bureau sought Yahoos help in apprehending him and the latter provided information that led to the location of his IP address and then to his office computer, after which he was arrested and convicted. After the conviction, reporters without boarders exposed yahoos role in the matter and although the firm initially denied any knowledge as to why they were asked from the information they later admitted. In justification, yahoo claimed that they were obliged to conform to the laws of the country which required they share information with the state. The firm nonetheless came under fire from various critiques who challenged the legitim acy and morality for their actions accusing them of acting as police informers on Dissidents. Lui Xiabo, one China’s prominent Chinese dissidents accused Yahoo of failing to respect the rights of Shi in because they let their business interests dull their moral sensibility (Dickie). Other critics said that if the firm acknowledges their actions were not ethical, they

The knights Galahad and Gawain Essay Example for Free

The knights Galahad and Gawain Essay These two came from rather different backgrounds, yet there are similarities in that they both spent considerable time in search of the holy grail – a vessel or plate used a the last supper. Nowadays if we say we are looking for the holy grail we mean the almost unobtainable , perfect solution, but these were looking for a real, in their eyes at least, object, that really could be found if one’s character was perfect. Galahad was the illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine, and grew up in a nunnery. Merlin prophesied that Galahad would outdo his father’s deeds of bravery. In Malory’s   ‘Le Morte d’Arthur he is considered to be very pious and to this is imputed his success. He does not speak much to others, is totally chaste and must have seemed aloof, almost inhuman too good to be true. He eventually finds the grail, and because of his sinless life is   taken up to heaven. Gawain is a much more human character that we can better understand According to Welsh sources he was the son of king Lot and younger brother of Galahad, who has a rather different personality. He is portrayed as loyal and brave, helpful to others, but also rather brash. He is a ladies man, unlike the celibate Galahad. He is also said to have been a great healer and defender of the poor. For some reason his strength was said to vary considerably – perhaps this reflects the idea that his life wasn’t always pure. His character varies from a pure knight in the 12th century stories to an altogether more unpleasant version in later stories such as ‘Gawain and the Green knight’ from the second half of the 14th century, in which he is said to be a philanderer and one who doesn’t keep his word. Despite this he is associated in Welsh with the ancient Celtic sun god. Whether or not there really was an Arthur and his knights we cannot tell, but reading the stories we all know people like Gawain, complex characters, who vary in their personality from time to time. The saintly Galahad, man apparently without fault, is a much rarer find. Bibliography Drabble,M. editor, The Oxford Companion to English Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Malory,T.   Le Morte d’Arthur first published   Caxton, 1485 Electronic Sources Arthur and Arthurian Legend http://membres.lycos.fr/pfv/ukversion.shtml Early British Kingdoms, found 2nd May 2007 at http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/gwalchgn.html

The Existence of Intelligent Life Essay -- Extraterrestrial Intelligen

The Existence of Intelligent Life Bertrand Russell wrote, "There are two possibilities. Maybe we are alone. Maybe we are not. Both are equally frightening (Jakosky 1)." The question of life in the universe is one that leaves many in a state of bewilderment. It becomes even more interesting when it leads to another question -- that of intelligent life in the universe. Finding other intelligent civilizations among the interstellar space would greatly affect every aspect of our existence. Conversely, not finding such a civilization would force us to examine the purpose of our own existence. To help answer the question, astronomers and scientists set up a program in search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This program, or SETI, was set up to verify, by observation that extraterrestrial life does exist. SETI tries to prove this by picking up and analyzing radio signals by means of satellites and advanced computers (Heidmann 116). The history of the SETI program is quite interesting. It started back in 1959 with the help of two famous Cornell University physicists, Guiseppi Cocconi and Phil Morrison. Both claimed that it would be possible to communicate with other potential extraterrestrial life in space by the use of techniques used in radio astronomy (Heidmann 112). Together, they voiced their belief that if other "alien astronomers" elsewhere in the universe possessed radio telescopes, that it would be possible to converse between the two (Heidmann 112-113). A young astronomer by the name of Francis Drake agreed with the theories of Cocconi and Morrison. He proposed building a radio receiver in order to listen for waves of sound being transmitted through space. It wasn't until the spring of 1960 that Dra... ...sity Press, 1992. 2. Jakosky, Bruce. The Search for Life on Other Planets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 3. Kahney, Leander. "A Search for Intelligent Searchers." Wired News (1999). 29 January 2000 *http://www.nitehawk.com/rasmit/*. 4. Hipschma, Ron. " The Problem -- Mountains of Data." How SETI @Home Works (1999). 29 January 2000 http://www.nitehawk.com/rasmit/. 5. "Project Omar." SETI Institute. 1999. SETI Institute. 28 January 2000 http://www.seti.org/science/ozma.html. 6. "History of SETI." SETI Institute. 1999. SETI Institute. 29 January 2000 http://www.seti.org/general/history.html. 7. "The Optical SETI Resource for Planet Earth." The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory. 1999. Columbus Observatory. 27 January 2000 http://www.coseti.org/. 8. Ward, Peter. Interview with Lori Stokes. The Debate Over Life Beyond Earth. MSNBC. 10 Feb. 2000.

Favorite Room

My Favorite Room Walking through the front door of my apartment, I enter my favorite and most relaxing place to be: the living room. Sitting in my living room I feel relaxed and stress free. The first thing I see when I walk in is my wife’s shoe rack. To the left is her creepy monkey picture. When I look to the right I can see the whole room. I try to keep it nice and clean, but with school work, it doesn’t always stay that way.As I sit down on my big comfortable couch, I look up at my huge three piece entertainment center in front of me. The entertainment center holds my new flat screen TV, PlayStation 3, and DVD surround sound system. To the right of the entertainment center is our black book shelf which holds our novel books; I love to read when I have free time. To the left of the entertainment center is a matching book shelf which holds all of our text books from school.On the right side of the couch is a match chair and foot rest. The furniture set was a gift to m y wife, so it has a lot of sentimental value to us. On the far left wall is the sliding glass door that leads to our patio. When the weather is nice, I like to sit on the patio and read or do my homework. When I’m sitting in my living room, I feel a sense of safety. No matter what kind of day I have had, as soon as I am in my living room, all of my stress is lifted; I can truly relax in my favorite place.

Industrial Location Model by Phunziro Mphwina

A TOPIC REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION MODEL BY ALFRED WEBER. Geography despite being defined as a science it has a vast area of concern, whereby some of these areas touch the economic grounds a field which others identify not as a science. In geography Spatial science is the field that holds some of the economic aspects this is so as it looks at the economic functions of space. Krugman (1991:p6) defines spatial science as a geographical science that is concerned with the organization of things according to space.This is to say that the arrangement and distribution of things in line with space has a lot of effect on the efficiency of other economic processes. This led to the development of Alfred Weber’s â€Å"Industrial location model† in 1901 (McCann & Shaffer, 2004: p8). Where by Weber argued that the location of an industrial plant is determined the factors of transport costs, labor costs and agglomeration (Barnes, 1984: p1).This is the model which this essay intends to make a review on. |Adopting some of Weber’s factors as basis of their arguments Christaller and Losch thus the Central place theory and Von Thunen’s land use theory these theorists argued in similar vain as Weber. Weber assumed that there is an uneven distribution of natural resources. Thus raw materials are in not equal existence elsewhere, (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43).Lokman (2003: p1) justifies Weber’s factor of resource distribution by relating it to one of Christaller’s assumptions that there is a homogeneous disperse of resources where he says one would choose to place his industry at location A which is 3 kilometers away from the market or location B which lies 5 kilometers away from the markets. Since there is an even existence of resources people would not be limited by resource availability an assumption which is very unreal.Weber disagrees to such a presupposition by bringing in reality where he says there is an uneven distribution of mater ial thus raw materials, fuel, and water needed for industrial production may be found only in particular locations. Consequently people would prefer to locate to the areas close both to the market and resources in order to minimize transport costs. Thereby distribution of raw material determining the location of an industry. Weber also continued to assume that the size and location of centers of consumption of the industrial products are given.This means that producers cover different sizes of land for their Industrial activities. This determines the location of the industry in that land as we enclose the market place tends to be costly this is so as it is more expensive because the producer would have low transport costs but pay high rent compared to other’s who located away from the market place but cover huge land that would let them cover up for the transport costs. (Barnes, 1984: p16) This assumption differs from that of Christaller and Von Thunen which assumes that ther e is an isotropic (all flat) surface. Therefore difference in land size determining location of an industry.In terms of labor Weber assumed that there are several fixed locations of labor where given rates operate, this is to say labor is immobile and unlimited at these locations (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43). This is to say that since there area differences in distribution of raw materials which is one of the determining factors in the location of the industry. This means some locations could have increased access to labor and this means there would be law labor costs at such places other than in location that have low labor experiences whereby those employed would have to work extra hours which would result into extra labor costs.Therefore access to labor determining industry location. Despite the fact that most of Weber’s assumptions deviate from the Christaller and Thunen’s, he agrees with both of the, on the idea that all entrepreneurs work on minimizing the cost o f production and maximize their profits. (Calvert, 2010: p 45) describes some of the ways that these entrepreneurs adopt in order to elevate their profits. One of the ways is by investing in fields that are not faces with harsh government policies that lead to losses, the other solution to these losses is by going by transport systems that are cheap and efficient.In contrast Weber identified the three general regional factors that affect the costs of production namely, cost of raw materials, cost of transporting the raw materials and the cost of labor. These have been advanced by the assumptions. In terms of raw material cost Weber argues that raw material value determines their cost thus there are other material which are hard to get (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43) give an example of mines where cost of mining some of the minerals outwits the cost of selling the minerals themselves, they also say these variations in mining difficulties prompts the reflection based on the transport and labor costs.Weber on the other hand identified agglomeration which is the effect produced when two different firms operate in the same area and tend to pull losses against each other. This is an economic situation where individual firms would suffer great losses for similar services. Weber suggests that these two firms can work hand in hand and access the desired services at a lower cost. This determines the location of an industry in that, one would choose a location where he will be able to link with other firms in order to access services at a more reasonable cost other than working individually (McCann & Shaffer, 2004: p10).Revisiting the cost of transporting the raw materials Weber differentiated two different types of raw material. He specifically explained that there are other materials that are used to the fullest thus upon extraction and processing there is a reasonable mass that is lost other than that which remains for full use. This means that the unneeded mass that as transported along with the end product just added extra costs other than the cost for transporting the real raw material. For example a company transports 5 kilos of iron ore for K2000.The ore from which 2 kilos is going to be extracted from, this is to say 3 kilos will be taken as wastes thus cost approximately K1000 which is a loss. This can be modified by adopting a different transporting system or changing the investment field. All in all Weber’s model though it was developed in the old days when technology had not fully sprouted it serves a great deal to the economic world, under the factors that have been discussed above. REFERENCES Bradford M. G. & Kent W. A (1977) Human geography theories and other applications Vol. 5 of Science in Geography, United Kingdom; Oxford University press.Barnes T. J. (1984) The place of locational analysis: a selective and interpretive history. Canada; University of British Columbia. Calvert L. (2012) Nature’s metropolis: The ghost d ance of Christaller and Von Thunen. PDF. Krugman P. (1991) Urban concentration: The role of increasing returns and transport costs. International Regional Science Review 19 Lokman O. (2003) Criticism on Christaller: PDF McCann P. & Shafer D. (2004) Regional Science: Location, agglomeration and infrastructure. United Kingdom; University of Reading press. ————————————————- CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI ———————————————— ————————————————- FACULTY OF EDUCATION ————————————————- ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ————————————————- COURSE TITLE. ————————————————- SPATIAL ORGANISATION ————————————————- COURSE CODE ————————————————- GEO 2203 ————————————————- ————————————————-TO —————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Mr. GONDWE ————————————————- FROM ————————————————- PHUNZIRO B. M. MPHWINA, BAED 15/02/11 ————————————————- ASSIGNMENT 1 ————————————————- ————————————————- ASSIGNMENT TITLE ————————————————- CHAPTER REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION MODEL. ————â €”———————————- ————————————————- DUE DATE: 19/04/12 Industrial Location Model by Phunziro Mphwina A TOPIC REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION MODEL BY ALFRED WEBER. Geography despite being defined as a science it has a vast area of concern, whereby some of these areas touch the economic grounds a field which others identify not as a science. In geography Spatial science is the field that holds some of the economic aspects this is so as it looks at the economic functions of space. Krugman (1991:p6) defines spatial science as a geographical science that is concerned with the organization of things according to space.This is to say that the arrangement and distribution of things in line with space has a lot of effect on the efficiency of other economic processes. This led to the development of Alfred Weber’s â€Å"Industrial location model† in 1901 (McCann & Shaffer, 2004: p8). Where by Weber argued that the location of an industrial plant is determined the factors of transport costs, labor costs and agglomeration (Barnes, 1984: p1).This is the model which this essay intends to make a review on. |Adopting some of Weber’s factors as basis of their arguments Christaller and Losch thus the Central place theory and Von Thunen’s land use theory these theorists argued in similar vain as Weber. Weber assumed that there is an uneven distribution of natural resources. Thus raw materials are in not equal existence elsewhere, (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43).Lokman (2003: p1) justifies Weber’s factor of resource distribution by relating it to one of Christaller’s assumptions that there is a homogeneous disperse of resources where he says one would choose to place his industry at location A which is 3 kilometers away from the market or location B which lies 5 kilometers away from the markets. Since there is an even existence of resources people would not be limited by resource availability an assumption which is very unreal.Weber disagrees to such a presupposition by bringing in reality where he says there is an uneven distribution of mater ial thus raw materials, fuel, and water needed for industrial production may be found only in particular locations. Consequently people would prefer to locate to the areas close both to the market and resources in order to minimize transport costs. Thereby distribution of raw material determining the location of an industry. Weber also continued to assume that the size and location of centers of consumption of the industrial products are given.This means that producers cover different sizes of land for their Industrial activities. This determines the location of the industry in that land as we enclose the market place tends to be costly this is so as it is more expensive because the producer would have low transport costs but pay high rent compared to other’s who located away from the market place but cover huge land that would let them cover up for the transport costs. (Barnes, 1984: p16) This assumption differs from that of Christaller and Von Thunen which assumes that ther e is an isotropic (all flat) surface. Therefore difference in land size determining location of an industry.In terms of labor Weber assumed that there are several fixed locations of labor where given rates operate, this is to say labor is immobile and unlimited at these locations (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43). This is to say that since there area differences in distribution of raw materials which is one of the determining factors in the location of the industry. This means some locations could have increased access to labor and this means there would be law labor costs at such places other than in location that have low labor experiences whereby those employed would have to work extra hours which would result into extra labor costs.Therefore access to labor determining industry location. Despite the fact that most of Weber’s assumptions deviate from the Christaller and Thunen’s, he agrees with both of the, on the idea that all entrepreneurs work on minimizing the cost o f production and maximize their profits. (Calvert, 2010: p 45) describes some of the ways that these entrepreneurs adopt in order to elevate their profits. One of the ways is by investing in fields that are not faces with harsh government policies that lead to losses, the other solution to these losses is by going by transport systems that are cheap and efficient.In contrast Weber identified the three general regional factors that affect the costs of production namely, cost of raw materials, cost of transporting the raw materials and the cost of labor. These have been advanced by the assumptions. In terms of raw material cost Weber argues that raw material value determines their cost thus there are other material which are hard to get (Bradford & Kent, 1977: p43) give an example of mines where cost of mining some of the minerals outwits the cost of selling the minerals themselves, they also say these variations in mining difficulties prompts the reflection based on the transport and labor costs.Weber on the other hand identified agglomeration which is the effect produced when two different firms operate in the same area and tend to pull losses against each other. This is an economic situation where individual firms would suffer great losses for similar services. Weber suggests that these two firms can work hand in hand and access the desired services at a lower cost. This determines the location of an industry in that, one would choose a location where he will be able to link with other firms in order to access services at a more reasonable cost other than working individually (McCann & Shaffer, 2004: p10).Revisiting the cost of transporting the raw materials Weber differentiated two different types of raw material. He specifically explained that there are other materials that are used to the fullest thus upon extraction and processing there is a reasonable mass that is lost other than that which remains for full use. This means that the unneeded mass that as transported along with the end product just added extra costs other than the cost for transporting the real raw material. For example a company transports 5 kilos of iron ore for K2000.The ore from which 2 kilos is going to be extracted from, this is to say 3 kilos will be taken as wastes thus cost approximately K1000 which is a loss. This can be modified by adopting a different transporting system or changing the investment field. All in all Weber’s model though it was developed in the old days when technology had not fully sprouted it serves a great deal to the economic world, under the factors that have been discussed above. REFERENCES Bradford M. G. & Kent W. A (1977) Human geography theories and other applications Vol. 5 of Science in Geography, United Kingdom; Oxford University press.Barnes T. J. (1984) The place of locational analysis: a selective and interpretive history. Canada; University of British Columbia. Calvert L. (2012) Nature’s metropolis: The ghost d ance of Christaller and Von Thunen. PDF. Krugman P. (1991) Urban concentration: The role of increasing returns and transport costs. International Regional Science Review 19 Lokman O. (2003) Criticism on Christaller: PDF McCann P. & Shafer D. (2004) Regional Science: Location, agglomeration and infrastructure. United Kingdom; University of Reading press. ————————————————- CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI ———————————————— ————————————————- FACULTY OF EDUCATION ————————————————- ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ————————————————- COURSE TITLE. ————————————————- SPATIAL ORGANISATION ————————————————- COURSE CODE ————————————————- GEO 2203 ————————————————- ————————————————-TO —————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Mr. GONDWE ————————————————- FROM ————————————————- PHUNZIRO B. M. MPHWINA, BAED 15/02/11 ————————————————- ASSIGNMENT 1 ————————————————- ————————————————- ASSIGNMENT TITLE ————————————————- CHAPTER REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL LOCATION MODEL. ————â €”———————————- ————————————————- DUE DATE: 19/04/12